As one of the oldest machine tools, lathes maintain significant importance in modern manufacturing. From simple shaft component machining to complex surface forming, lathes can perform precision machining of various rotational parts. Modern CNC lathes achieve high levels of automation and intelligence, using computer programming to control tool movements and produce components with micron-level precision. Advanced features such as multi-axis linkage, automatic tool changing, and online measurement significantly expand lathe processing capabilities. In industries including automotive manufacturing, aerospace, medical devices, and precision instruments, high-precision lathes are essential equipment for ensuring product quality. With the development of new materials and processes, lathe technology continues to innovate, incorporating new techniques such as high-speed cutting, hard turning, and compound machining. Selecting appropriate lathes requires consideration of processing materials, component precision requirements, and production batch sizes. Proper process planning and equipment maintenance are vital for ensuring machining quality and improving production efficiency.